一、概述

I. Overview

砂漿抗透儀性能是指砂漿能抵抗水或其它液體介質(zhì)在壓力作用下滲透的性能。

Mortar permeability instrument performance means the ability of mortar to resist the permeability of water or other liquid mediums under pressure.

在當(dāng)今現(xiàn)代化的工程建設(shè)中，摻加各種防水劑的防水砂漿的抗?jié)B防水能力更加重要。CGS-1.5型砂加滲透儀可用于測(cè)定防水砂的抗?jié)B性能，進(jìn)行參有防水劑的砂漿與基準(zhǔn)砂漿的比對(duì)試驗(yàn)，亦可作其它防水材料的透水性試驗(yàn)。

In modern engineering construction projects, the waterproof impermeability of waterproof mortar with various water-proofing additives shows greater significance. Mortar permeability instrument model CGS-1.5 is designed to determine the impermeability of waterproof mortar, performing comparison test between mortar with waterproofing addictives and reference mortar and permeability test against other waterproofing materials.

我廠生產(chǎn)的CGS-1.5型砂漿滲透儀適應(yīng)各級(jí)工程質(zhì)量監(jiān)督檢測(cè)部門、施工單位試驗(yàn)室、科研單位大專院校對(duì)砂漿抗?jié)B性能的檢測(cè)、研究與教學(xué)之需要。壓力單位按中華人民共和國(guó)“計(jì)量法”規(guī)定采用國(guó)際單位制兆帕（Mpa），并附有檢定壓力的裝置以便定期檢定。

Mortar permeability instrument model CGS-1.5 manufactured by our company is applicable for detection of, study and education on mortar impermeability of various levels of Engineering Quality Supervision and Inspection Departments, laboratories of construction units, research institutions, universities and colleges. The pressure is in Mpa according to Metrology Law of the People's Republic of China. Pressure verification device is provided for regular verification.

二、技術(shù)性能

II. Technical Parameters

允許****工作壓力 Maximum allowable working pressure	Mpa	1.5
工作方式Operation mode	自動(dòng)穩(wěn)壓和手動(dòng)穩(wěn)壓。Automatic and manual pressure regulation
一次同時(shí)可作試件數(shù) Number of test pieces that can be made at the same time	個(gè) Piece	6
試模幾何尺寸Dimensions of test sample
上口內(nèi)徑Inner diameter of upper port	mm	70
下口內(nèi)徑Diameter of lower port	mm	80
高 度Height	mm	30
柱塞泵參數(shù)Piston pump parameters
柱塞直徑Piston diameter	㎜		10
行 程Stroke	㎜		10
往復(fù)頻率Reciprocating frequency	次/min		130
流 量Flow	L/L		0.1
電動(dòng)機(jī)Motor
功 率Power	W		90
轉(zhuǎn) 速Speed	n/min		1340
外形尺寸;長(zhǎng)×寬×高外 Dimensions: L×W×H	mm		75×56×75
凈 重Net weight	kg

三、結(jié)構(gòu)原理

III. Structure and Principle

CGS-1.5 型砂漿滲透儀是根據(jù)液壓原理進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)，以電動(dòng)機(jī)拖動(dòng)水泵施壓，通過(guò)管道與壓力容器、控制閥、試模座等連接。壓力由水泵輸出進(jìn)入壓力容器。然后輸送到各試件系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行加載試驗(yàn)。管路中裝有電接點(diǎn)、壓力表和電氣控制系統(tǒng)，通過(guò)對(duì)電接點(diǎn)壓力表內(nèi)的電觸點(diǎn)的調(diào)節(jié)，可以使壓力在0.1～1.5Mpa 的規(guī)定范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行恒壓試驗(yàn)。

Mortar permeameter model CGS-1.5 is designed according to Hydraulic Principle. The pressure is generated through water pump driven by motor. The permeameter is connected to pressure vessel, control valve and test sample base etc. through pipes. The pressure is transmitted from water pump to pressure vessel and then to each test piece system for loading test. The pipeline is provided with electric contact, pressure gauge and electric control system. By adjusting the electric contact in pressure gauge, the pressure can be kept within the specified range 0.1～1.5Mpa for constant pressure test.

CGS-1.5 型砂漿滲透儀由機(jī)架試模、水泵、壓力容器、控制閥壓力表和電氣控制等裝置部分組成，各部分的結(jié)構(gòu)和作用分述如下：

Mortar permeameter model CGS-1.5 is composed of frame mold, water pump, pressure vessel, control valve pressure gauge and electrical control etc., of which the structures and functions are described as follows:

(一)機(jī)架試模
(I) Frame mold

機(jī)架采用優(yōu)質(zhì)型焊接而成，臺(tái)面選用優(yōu)質(zhì)冷軋薄鋼板制成，平整、光滑。試模內(nèi)滲出的水即由此孔流回盛水箱，從而保持臺(tái)面干燥、整潔、經(jīng)久耐用。試模用月牙板手，固緊在試模座上，中間用“O”形橡膠圈密封。
The frame is welded of high quality profile steel. The flat and smooth bench surface is made of high quality cold rolled steel sheet. The water seeping from test mold flows back to water tank through this hole so as to keep a dry and clean surface for long service life. Crescent wrench is used to fasten the test mold to the base, with the middle area sealed with O-shaped rubber ring.

(二)水泵部分
(II) Water pump

水泵是以90瓦電動(dòng)機(jī)為動(dòng)力源，由皮帶輪和齒輪進(jìn)行兩級(jí)變速偏心輪旋轉(zhuǎn)帶動(dòng)連桿和導(dǎo)柱，從而驅(qū)使水泵柱塞作往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)進(jìn)行工作，由于水泵的流量很小，因此可視為供給試體的水壓為靜態(tài)。
A 90W motor is used as the power source, the water pump. The two-step speed regulation eccentric wheel rotation realized through pulleys and gears drives the connecting bar and guide pole. In this case, the pump piston is driven to move back and forth. Since the pump flow is extremely small, the water pressure for test piece is deemed to be in a static state.

(三)壓力容器
(III) Pressure vessel

壓力容器時(shí)具有蓄水貯能并能降低壓力水的脈沖作用的大型容器。試驗(yàn)前用漏斗通過(guò)注水嘴在工作臺(tái)面上將水注滿容器，試驗(yàn)完畢，將壓力容器內(nèi)水通排污閥將水放盡。
Pressure vessel is a large vessel that has water and energy storage capacity and can be used to reduce the pulse effect of pressure water. Fill the vessel with water on work bench with a hopper through water filling nozzle before the test. Discharge the water from pressure vessel through blow-down valve after the test.

(四)控制閥
(IV) Control valve

控制閥共七個(gè)，集中安裝在工作臺(tái)正面上方，編號(hào)為1、2、3、4、5、6、0，其中1～6號(hào)閥分別控制著同正面前方對(duì)應(yīng)的各個(gè)試模，作用是開啟或截止。設(shè)置0號(hào)閥專門控制壓力容器壓力的卸荷或加壓。
There are seven control valves (No.1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 0) mounted above the top surface of work bench. Valves 1~6 control the test molds that correspond to front surface respectively, performing “open” and “close” functions. Valve 0 is set to control the pressure loading unloading of pressure vessel.

四、操作步驟

IV. Operating Procedure

滲透試驗(yàn)操作步驟
Permeability test  

1. 旋下壓力容器的注水嘴的螺旋（在工作臺(tái)面上）同時(shí)打開7只閥門，將潔凈的清水注入壓力容器內(nèi)，觀察0號(hào)控制閥放水管出水流暢，然后關(guān)閉0號(hào)控制閥，直至注滿溢出為止，再將螺栓裝上擰緊。
1. Unscrew the screw (on work bench surface) of water filling nozzle of pressure vessel and open the seven valves. Fill the pressure vessel with clean water. Check if the water flows smoothly in control valve 0 drain pipe. Close valve 0. Fasten the bolts again until the water flows out.

2. 向進(jìn)水箱注滿清水。
2. Fill the water inlet tank with clear water.

3. 將水泵上二導(dǎo)柱螺母拆下，拔出上擋板及水泵柱塞，向泵內(nèi)注滿水再按原方向裝上即能開機(jī)正常工作。
3. Remove the two guide pin bolts from water pump and pull out the upper panel and pump piston. Fill the pump with water and then re-assemble it. Then normal operation can be started.

4. 調(diào)節(jié)電接點(diǎn)壓力表至1.5Mpa 位置上。
4. Set the electric contact pressure gauge to 1.5Mpa.

5. 通電、啟動(dòng)電源開關(guān)，使水泵能正常運(yùn)行（應(yīng)無(wú)沖擊現(xiàn)象）觀察6個(gè)試模座出水是否正常，直至無(wú)氣泡為止。
5. Connect the power supply and turn on power switch to enable the water pump to work normally (no impact shall be observed). Check if the water output at the six test mode bases is normal, until no bubble is observed.

6. 逐個(gè)關(guān)閉控制閥，觀察壓力表壓力是否上升，排除一切泄漏故障，使壓力能穩(wěn)定在所調(diào)節(jié)的范圍內(nèi)。
6. Turn off the control valves one by one and check if the pressure shown on pressure gauge rises. Eliminate all leakage faults to keep the pressure within the regulated range.

7. 按標(biāo)準(zhǔn)試驗(yàn)方法，將試模逐個(gè)安裝就位，初步不可擰緊，打開各個(gè)試模控制閥門，觀察各個(gè)試模座泄出水為止，擰緊螺母，調(diào)整好欲按要求試驗(yàn)壓力的上下限值，即可正常工作。
7. Mount the test molds one by one following the standard test method. The molds shall not be fastened tightly at first. Open the control valve for each test mold and fasten the bolts when water leaks from each test mold base. And then set the upper and lower limits of test pressure.

五、故障排除

V. Troubleshooting

部件名稱	故障現(xiàn)象	可能原因	排除方法
水泵	柱塞口部滲漏	1、壓緊力過(guò)松 2、“O”型密封環(huán)磨損或老化	1、適當(dāng)擰緊壓蓋 螺母。 2、更換密封環(huán)
	水泵吸不上水 （見圖四）	進(jìn)泵和出泵閥壓縮彈簧壓力過(guò)大或過(guò)小 鋼球或密封凡爾線損壞 泵內(nèi)有空氣	擰下閥座調(diào)整彈簧壓緊（或更換） 清洗研磨閥門凡爾線或更換鋼球。 參照操作步驟第三條進(jìn)行排除。
	水壓過(guò)低和無(wú)壓力	各連接管道滲透包括排水口 安全閥失靈	參照操作程序逐個(gè)檢查控制閥和管接頭，并予以排除。 調(diào)整彈簧壓力，修復(fù)
控制閥	針閥口部滲漏	壓緊力過(guò)松 “O”型密封環(huán)磨損老化	適當(dāng)擰緊壓緊母 更換密封環(huán)
	密封面泄漏	有雜物更阻 元件磨損	拆下清洗 研究閥門凡爾線或修磨針閥錐度。

Parts	Fault	Possible cause	Remedy
Water pump	Leakage at piston port	1. Pressing force is too small 2. Wear or aging of O-shaped seal ring	1. Fasten the gland bolts properly. 2. Replace seal ring
	Water pump suction failure (Figure IV)	The pressure at compression springs of inlet and outlet valves is too low or too high Steel ball or seal ring damaged Air occurs in pump	Compress the valve seat regulation spring tightly (or replace) Wash and grind the fixed line of valve or replace the steel ball Refer to operation step 3
	Water pressure is too low or there is no pressure	Water penetration at connection pipes including discharge port Safety valve failure	Follow operation procedure to check the control valve and pipe joints one by one. Adjust spring pressure and make restoration
Control valve	Leakage at pin valve port	Compression force is too small Wear and aging of O-shaped seal ring	Fasten compression nuts properly Replace seal ring
	Leakage at sealing face	Sundries blockage Wear of element	Remove and wash Check the fixed line of valve or adjust the taper of pin valve

六、砂漿抗?jié)B性試驗(yàn)

VI. Mortar impermeability test

（一）目的
(I) Purpose

比較不同品種水泥砂漿的防水性能。一般用以表明外加劑對(duì)提高水泥砂漿抗?jié)B效果。
Compare the water resistance of different types of cement mortar. Indicate the effect of additives on improvement of permeability of cement mortar.

（二）試驗(yàn)設(shè)備
(II) Test equipment

1、砂漿滲透儀（CGS-1.5 型）
2、截頭圓錐金屬試模（上口直徑70㎜，下口直徑80㎜，高30㎜）。
3、搗棒（直徑10㎜， 長(zhǎng)350㎜，一端為彈頭形）
4、抹刀等

1. Mortar permeameter (model CGS-1.5)
2. Metal truncated cone test mold (upper port diameter 70mm, lower port diameter 80mm, 30mm high)
3. Tamper (100mm in diameter, 350mm long; one end is warhead-shaped)
4. Spatula etc.

（三）試驗(yàn)步驟
(III) Test Procedure

1、將試模放置在厚玻璃上。將拌好的砂漿一次裝滿試模。搗棒輕輕插搗以除汽泡，1-2h后，括去多余的砂漿，末平表面。經(jīng)兩周夜脫模。每組試件為三個(gè)。
1. Place the test mold on thick glass and fill it with mortar. Operate the tamper gently to remove bubble. Remove the residual mortar and screed the surface after 1-2 hours. Strip the mold after 48 hours. Each group includes three test pieces.

2、脫模后的試件均保持在養(yǎng)護(hù)室同條件下養(yǎng)護(hù)到規(guī)定齡期，取好并待表面干燥后用密封材料密封裝入滲透儀中，進(jìn)行透水試驗(yàn)。
2. The test pieces are shall be kept in curing chamber for specified period. And then take them out and put the pieces sealed with sealing materials into permeameter for water permeability test.

3、水壓從0.2Mpa開始，保持2h，增至0.3Mpa，以后每隔1h增加水壓0.1Mpa ，直至所有試件頂面滲水為止。記錄每個(gè)試件的****水壓力保持****水壓的時(shí)間t（以小時(shí)計(jì)）。如果水壓增至1.5Mpa 而試件仍未透水，則不再升壓，持荷6h后，停止試驗(yàn)。
3. Keep the water pressure at 0.2Mpa for 2 hours and then rise it to 0.3Mpa. The water pressure shall rise by 0.1Mpa every hour until seepage occurs on top surfaces of all test pieces. Record the maximum water pressure at each test piece and the duration “t” (in hour) of maximum pressure. In case no seepage water occurs on test piece when the water pressure rises to 1.5Mpa, the pressure shall not be increased any more. Keep the load for 6 hours and stop the test.

（四）試驗(yàn)結(jié)果
(IV) Test Result

一般采用摻有外加劑的砂漿與基準(zhǔn)砂漿的對(duì)比試驗(yàn)。
Generally, the comparison test between mortar with additives and reference mortar is performed.
K=I－I/I×100

式中：K-不透水性提高率（%）
I-空白砂漿試件不透水性系數(shù)； I-參外加劑的砂漿試件不透水性系數(shù)。

In which: K – impermeability improvement rate (%)
I –impermeability factor of blank mortar test piece
I - impermeability factor of blank mortar test piece with additives

I或I（均取桑格試件平均值）按下式計(jì)算：
I and I (Sanger test piece average value) are calculated according the formula below:
I=3Pt tt

其中：Pt- 試件在每一壓力階段所受水壓（Mpa）；
tt-相應(yīng)的恒壓時(shí)間（h）。
In which: Pt- water pressure (Mpa) at the test piece in each pressure stage;
tt- corresponding duration (h) of constant pressure

七、維護(hù)和保養(yǎng)
VII. Maintenance

1、水泵的活塞劑兩個(gè)導(dǎo)柱，每天工作前加機(jī)油潤(rùn)滑一次，以其延長(zhǎng)水泵的使用壽命。
1. Apply engine oil to pump piston and the two guide pins once every day to extend the service life of water pump.

2、每次試驗(yàn)完畢后，應(yīng)將壓力容器 ，管道閥內(nèi)的水通過(guò)排污閥排盡。
2. The water inside pressure vessel and pipe valves shall be discharged through blow-down valve after each test.

3、試模及試模座檫凈，并涂防銹油脂保護(hù)。
3. Clean the test mold and the base and apply rust preventing grease thereto.

4、停用期間加蓋防塵罩保護(hù)。
4. Set a dust cover for protection during the shutdown period.